What is known today as the concept of war crime developed further under the umbrella of the Nuremberg Trials based on the definition found in the London Charter (1945). This particular tribunal convened in May of 1946 to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for three types of crimes: "Class A" (crimes against peace), "Class B" (war crimes), and "Class C" (crimes against humanity), committed during World War II. The legacy of the Leipzig trial is that it was the first attempt to develop a comprehensive approach and system for prosecuting international law violations in war time. Articles 227-230 of the Treaty of Versailles stipulated the arrest and trial of German officials accused as war criminals. Those have been refined and interpreted over time, but the early twentieth century offers three particularly good examples before the advent of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 of how courts were dealing with international legal violations in times of conflict.Īfter the conclusion of the First World War, Allied leaders developed a concept to try enemy leaders criminally for the international law violations they committed during the war (for more information, see here). The Hague Conventions of 18 were international treaties that, along with the First and Second Geneva Conventions (18, comprised some of the first formal statements of the laws governing war and war crimes. In all likelihood, war crimes have been domestically punished ever since criminal law originated. His conviction and beheading came after he was found to have committed crimes he had a duty, as a knight, to prevent despite his argument that he was only following orders.
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